Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 8 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch H\u00e3y xem c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd trong khi h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ea\u0300 c\u01a1 ba\u0309n, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong dung d\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i t\u00ecm kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m. M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u00e0n c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a 8 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t tan v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m dung m\u00f4i. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t tan ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p dung d\u1ecbch b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, l\u00e0 khi dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t tan n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Mu\u1ed1i NaCl c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1ea1i 60 \u0111\u1ed9 C l\u00e0 37,1g\/100ml v\u00e0 \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 1atm \u1edf 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C l\u00e0 35,9g\/100ml.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c 8<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ( k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u C%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 % theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 molan (Cm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n mol v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u0309a dung d\u1ecbch, song c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 2 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c em. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 gam c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 trong 100g dung d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C%. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C%= mct \/ mdd .100% (%), trong \u0111\u00f3, mct ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t tan v\u00e0 mdd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mdd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u0103n kho\u0103n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft mdd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eebng lo, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mdd (g) = mdm + mct (mdm t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung m\u00f4i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch, th\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t tan \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t l\u00edt dung dung d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CM. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CM = n\/V (mol\/l), trong \u0111\u00f3 n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t tan v\u00e0 V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch. V \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 22,4l m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. mol\/l c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 M.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p V trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 l\u00edt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vietlearn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AI nh\u1eafc h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng minh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch pha dung d\u1ecbch theo n\u00f4\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xong 2 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch. Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd pha ch\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c pha lo\u00e3ng dung d\u1ecbch theo m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pha ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa l\u1edbp 8, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 50g dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 10% th\u00ec pha ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u1ede trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t tan c\u1ee7a CuSO4 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. V\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C% = mct\/mdd*100. T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Sunfat c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0 5g. C\u0169ng theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mdd=mct+mdm. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung m\u00f4i (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u00e0 45g = 45ml. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 10% th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cho 5g CuSO4 cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho v\u00e0o 45ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0169a th\u1ee7y tinh khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch pha lo\u00e3ng dung d\u1ecbch theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u00e0i to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang ta dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta pha ch\u1ebf. V\u1edbi c\u00e2u a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i xem sao nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i pha ch\u1ebf MgSO4 t\u1eeb 2M xu\u1ed1ng 0,4M. G\u1eb7p d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a MgSO4 = V * Cm= 0,1*0,4=0,04 (ml). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. V\u1eady th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n=Cm.Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch MgSO4 ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh = 0,04\/2=0,02 (l) = 20ml. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1 b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh 20ml MgSO4, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t t\u1edbi v\u1ea1ch 100ml. khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 100ml 0,4M.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a 8 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sau. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 8 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxit axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec ho\u0301a 8? C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i hay \u2013 Topp<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trong n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 8 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch H\u00e3y xem c\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}