Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe P v\u00e0 n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\/2 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P = 25 + 30 + 20 + 17 + 20 = 112 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\/2 = 56 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 . S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A l\u00e0 25 < 56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A, B l\u00e0 25 + 30 = 55 <56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf 3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A + B + C l\u00e0 25 + 30 + 20 = 75 > 56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe n\u00f3i chung, t\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u1edf 4 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y B, C, D, E c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ebfn xe c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng 4 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y B, C, D, E. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe \u1edf hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A v\u00e0 B nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe, n\u00ean b\u1ebfn xe n\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C, D, E; m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u1edf ba nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A, B, C l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe n\u00ean b\u1ebfn xe n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ba nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A, B, C. Theo c\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ebfn xe v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y A, B, C l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n ba nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C, D, E, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ebfn xe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m C, l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c ra trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u00edt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e2m t\u00ednh), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng do m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua ki\u1ec3m tra cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sai do vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc hai lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ung th\u01b0 gan, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 99%, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u00e0 1%. N\u00ean n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 0,04%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 999.600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 99%, n\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ung th\u01b0 gan 400 x 99% = 396 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh l\u00e0 999.600 x 1\/100 = 9996 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (do sai l\u1ea7m), c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh l\u00e0 396 + 9996 = 10392 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 396 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 3,81% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 3,81% th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady do sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hoang mang. Cho d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Sai l\u1ea7m; Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i; Sai l\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe P v\u00e0 n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 P\/2 . P = 25 + 30 + 20 + 17 + 20 = 112 ng\u01b0\u1eddi P\/2 = 56 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111i xe r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 . S\u1ed1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-toan-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7591\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}