{"id":7739,"date":"2021-11-20T15:18:19","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T08:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=7739"},"modified":"2021-11-20T17:13:29","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T10:13:29","slug":"vi-sao-co-the-du-doan-duoc-nguyen-to-con-chua-tim-thay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-co-the-du-doan-duoc-nguyen-to-con-chua-tim-thay\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Winkler \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Gecmani (Ge). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 72,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 5,47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 tan trong axit clohydric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxit c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c GeO2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a oxit l\u00e0 4,70<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng, GeO2 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i Ge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ge(OH)2 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GeCl4 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i ts = 83\u00b0C, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 1,887<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1871, l\u00fac c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc Nga Men\u0111eleev \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Gecmani n\u00e0y. Men\u0111eleev \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 72<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 5,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tan trong axit clohydric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c MO2 (b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 gecmani c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef M \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxit c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 4,7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 cho kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clorua c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c MCl4 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i 90\u00b0C. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 1,9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eed so s\u00e1nh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Men\u0111eleev v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m do Winkler c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Men\u0111eleev qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Men\u0111eleev kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft n\u00f3i m\u00f2&#8221; m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Men\u0111eleev nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 60 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, t\u00ednh axit, t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Winkler \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Gecmani (Ge). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 72,5 T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 5,47 Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 tan trong axit clohydric Oxit c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7739\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}