V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1896, trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Becquerel xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1: M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i phim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebdm sunfua \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Becquerel v\u1ed9i \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm kim \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft tinh m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n g\u00e2y ra. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Becquerel \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e9n l\u00ean b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: Lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i kali sunfat uranyl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho phim \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Becquerel g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Marie Curie. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Piere Curie, sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gian kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1898 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 poloni v\u00e0 ra\u0111i l\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n urani. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 urani, poloni, ra\u0111i l\u00e0 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nguy hi\u1ec3m. Khi c\u00e1c tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Becquerel l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean “b\u1ecb v\u1ea1” do tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i, b\u1ecf qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ra\u0111i trong t\u00fai. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m da c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a ra\u0111i ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t m\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ra\u0111i g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng da. Piere Curie trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf sinh ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t b\u1ecfng sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi. Curie \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111i, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng Co – 60, iod – 132, photpho – 32 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu cho u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng trong ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c trong luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p kim, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, v.v<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1896, trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Becquerel xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1: M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i phim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebdm sunfua \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7743\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}