Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm. \u0110\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec tr\u1eeb b\u1ea1c ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, chu\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u00e0u t\u00edm h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1 gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i m\u1ea3nh d\u00e0i d\u1ebfn 2000m, d\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean qua, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau. \u0110\u1ed3ng thau l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thau. \u0110\u1ed3ng thau c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebdm trong h\u1ee3p kim m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebdm 18 – 20%, h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebdm 20 – 30% h\u1ee3p kim s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb 30 – 42% h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, t\u1eeb 42 – 50% s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1i (c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i), v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebdm 50 – 60% h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebdm d\u01b0\u1edbi 45%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng – thi\u1ebfc c\u00f3 th\u00eam k\u1ebdm. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec co l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111en th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i n\u1edf ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec n\u00e9t m\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111en c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 xanh. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi niken. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 B\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u1ed3ng; \u0110\u1ed3ng thau; \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111en; \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm. \u0110\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec tr\u1eeb b\u1ea1c ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7749"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}