\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng v\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ta th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd qu\u00e1 cao v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng. Th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u luy\u1ec7n kim l\u00fd th\u00fa. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn hai kim lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang nh\u1ecf (2,702), \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p (660,4\u00b0C) l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn (19,35) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t cao (3410\u00b0C) l\u00e0 vofram l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. V\u00ec hai kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i vonfram n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim gi\u1eefa nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 vonfram. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec nh\u00f4m s\u1ebd ho\u00e0 tan v\u00e0o vonfram nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5m ho\u00e0 tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m – vonfram l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00f2n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u, l\u00f2 nung, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do c\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 niken, triti\u2026. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 sao Ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0 sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn niken v\u00e0 s\u1eaft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh kim lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng v\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7807"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7807\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}