Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft b\u00f9n; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c dao b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c c\u00e1c dao c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i chung lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (kho\u1ea3ng 0,6 – 1,4%). Ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, l\u00e0m th\u00e9p kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng khi dao c\u1eaft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cao, do l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao, n\u00ean cho d\u00f9 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c dao c\u1eaft ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt l\u1edbn (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e9p gi\u00f3). Th\u00e9p gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eaft, vonfram, crom, vana\u0111i\u2026 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 600\u00b0C) v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 600\u00b0C), d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1eefa. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c dao c\u1eaft. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 coban, vonfram, crom v\u00e0 cacbon. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00e9p n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft trong h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec s\u1eaft l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ch\u1eadm b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Khi th\u00e9p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p s\u1ebd l\u1edbn. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ch\u1eadm th\u00ec th\u00e9p s\u1ebd m\u1ec1m, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e9p s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo, t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady tu\u1ef3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1, ram, \u1ee7\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00f2n khi d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u00e9p; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7809\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}