Trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 1 \u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 lantanoit v\u00e0 actinoit, hai nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 15 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00f4. Nh\u00f3m lantanoit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m 15 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: lantan (La); ceri (Ce); praseodim (Pr); neodim (Nd); prometi (Pm); samari (Sm); europi (Eu); gadoleni (Gd); terbi (Tb); dysprosi (Dy); homi (Ho); erbi (Er); tuli (Tm); yterbi (Yb); lutexi (Lu). Nh\u00f3m 15 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 scan\u0111i v\u00e0 itri c\u0169ng hay c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u1edf trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, n\u00ean hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho d\u00f9 \u1edf 2 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ecd nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm (1794) th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t 150 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gang th\u00e9p, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gang th\u00e9p, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “sinh t\u1ed1” cho gang th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u01b0a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o gang x\u00e1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecfi t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf th\u00e9p trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Lo\u1ea1i gang x\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c axit, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p, n\u00ean khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m. Khi th\u00eam nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o gang \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p, n\u00ean ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m trong khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu axit c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photpho cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u1edbn; khi th\u00eam nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd photpho l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau cao v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n; khi th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n th\u00e9p s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Th\u00e9p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o vi\u00ean bi v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p; khi th\u00eam nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng, khi th\u00eam nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o th\u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng “th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3” nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00e9p, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong th\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong th\u00e9p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim s\u1ebd \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong th\u00e9p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trong th\u00e9p, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 1 \u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 lantanoit v\u00e0 actinoit, hai nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 15 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}