V\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ai C\u1eadp, \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a niken \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kim lo\u1ea1i niken ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p kim niken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0ng (thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i Tr\u1ea1ch X\u1ea3o Gia ng\u00e0y nay) thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch” (\u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1eafng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 6,14% niken. Khi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng – niken c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 16% niken, h\u1ee3p kim s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 (thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n Trung \u00c1 ng\u00e0y nay) g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c”. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI tr\u1edf \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1735, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Daudet \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: “C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngo\u00e0i Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3”. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, XIX, n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. N\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5 (n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ed5) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a niken kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea1c, h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “b\u1ea1c m\u1edbi”, “b\u1ea1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c” v\u00e0 “b\u1ea1c niken”. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p kim niken \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i niken t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1751, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n Kronesteind \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kim lo\u1ea1i niken t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng \u0111a kim trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a asen v\u00e0 niken. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn niken \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p kim. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi \u0111\u01b0a niken v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gang, th\u00e9p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gang th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, niken v\u00e0 crom. V\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng – niken, khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken \u0111\u1ebfn 46% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ea1ch kim gi\u1ea3\u201d, v\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch kim (platin). H\u1ee3p kim titan – niken l\u00e0 “h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb” n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. So v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: H\u1ee3p kim niken; Niken; \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ai C\u1eadp, \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a niken \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm t\u1eeb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7817\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}