Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u” l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, khi \u1ea5m l\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i? V\u00ec sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 polyetylen l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed etylen li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyclovinyl do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed clovinyl li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o l\u00ean. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng “tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p”. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed clovinyl khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn polyclovinyl nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y x\u00edch do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed clovinyl k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a polyclovinyl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polyclovinyl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo ra. Khi polyvinyl l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c “m\u1eaft x\u00edch” do c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhau th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ta th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c “m\u1eaft x\u00edch” n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t “ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n” th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi “ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, c\u00e1c “m\u1eaft x\u00edch” trong ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m l\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n”, c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo l\u1ea1i linh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo l\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m ra khi tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i h\u1ebft, c\u00e1c “m\u1eaft x\u00edch” s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n” n\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, ho\u1eb7c cho ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo b\u1ecb ho\u00e0 tan d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo b\u1ecb r\u1eafn l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u, ngo\u00e0i l\u00fd do s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c “m\u1eaft x\u00edch” trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c: C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng phong ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a, n\u1eafng, chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t r\u1eafn. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3o ho\u00e1” (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo v\u1eeba n\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, trong su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1, thu, \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Trong khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polyclovinyl ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axetat etyl th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c “ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn” t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3m xen k\u1ebd \u00edt ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 axetat etyl) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo; Ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u” l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, khi \u1ea5m l\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i? V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 polyetylen l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7852\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}