Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u00f3 nh\u1eb1n\u2019\u2019 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u1edbp 8, l\u1edbp 9 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc THCS. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi \u2013 h\u00f3a kh\u1eed. Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay g\u1eb7p nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00f3a 8, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u loa\u0323i pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng na\u0300y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi 2 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 oxi h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 oxi h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eed l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 oxi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u1eddng oxi cho ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111i oxi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. V\u00ea c\u01a1 ba\u0309n Oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c ho\u0301a v\u00f4 cu\u0300ng quan tro\u0323ng trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh ho\u0323c t\u00e2\u0323p b\u00f4\u0323 m\u00f4n ho\u0301a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tham kha\u0309o: \u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng ho\u0323c tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. V\u1eady n\u00ean, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed \u2013 l\u1edbp 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbp 8<\/a> \u1edf THCS th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01a1n tru c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc 1: s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc 2: t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc 3: trong ion \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ion \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n trong ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ion \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc 4: s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Hidro trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 +1 (tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c hidrua kim lo\u1ea1i). C\u00f2n Oxi th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng -2 tr\u1eeb H2O2 v\u00e0 OF2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a trong pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng ho\u0301a ho\u0323c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a khi tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u1eddng electron n\u00ean s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a s\u1ebd t\u0103ng sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb kh\u1eed) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn electron n\u00ean s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed \u2013 l\u1edbp 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbp 8<\/a> l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a,\u2026 V\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec 2 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a n\u00e2ng cao qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n H\u00f3a \u1edf c\u1ea5p THCS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed th\u00ec s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i t\u1eadp H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 mol, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i hay g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8. Mong r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Oxi h\u00f3a 8 \u2013 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp 9 \u2013 C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i hay g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00f3a l\u1edbp 10 \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i trong<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u00f3 nh\u1eb1n\u2019\u2019 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u1edbp 8, l\u1edbp 9 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc THCS. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}