C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3i gai ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 nilong, terilong, s\u1ee3i propylen, s\u1ee3i nitrilong.. \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y khi g\u1eb7p l\u1eeda (300 – 400\u00b0C). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda: Khi s\u1ee3i b\u1eaft l\u1eeda th\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, sau d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1eb3n. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i d\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon, hy\u0111ro, oxy. C\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y khi b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Do \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do hy\u0111ro (H), g\u1ed1c hy\u0111roxyl (OH), g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do oxy hy\u0111roxyl (OOH*). Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y, c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sinh s\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ee3i propylen, s\u1ee3i nitrilong \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda. Ri\u00eang lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i clovinyl (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng polyclovinyl), khi ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hy\u0111ro clorua (HCl), ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hy\u0111ro clorua h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. Khi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ee3i ch\u00e1y do c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo, n\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hy\u0111ro clorua v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng “d\u1eadp l\u1eeda”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. Ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 flo, brom, photpho, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, antimon\u2026 khi ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hy\u0111rua nh\u01b0 hy\u0111ro brom, hy\u0111ro florua, hy\u0111ro sunfua, hy\u0111ro photphua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m xu th\u1ebf ch\u00e1y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i propylen d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a brom antimoin s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o s\u1ee3i propylen th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. Khi s\u1ee3i ch\u00e1y, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c sinh ra c\u00e1c hy\u0111rua c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a brom v\u00e0 antimoin, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 c\u00f2n va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, c\u00e1t kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nitrilong c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed clorua ankyl ho\u1eb7c bromua ankyl v\u00e0o ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i nitrilong c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda. V\u1edbi s\u1ee3i terrilong, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u01b0a g\u1ed1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eadc hai c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a brom \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee3i terilong l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: S\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3i gai ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 nilong, terilong, s\u1ee3i propylen, s\u1ee3i nitrilong.. \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y khi g\u1eb7p l\u1eeda (300 – 400\u00b0C). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda: Khi s\u1ee3i b\u1eaft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7884\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}