\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed do v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3”. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed “kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Lo\u1ea1i “ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Protein, s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, tinh b\u1ed9t\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, keo d\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: quang h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sinh l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ion c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1. Nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, thu h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu gom nhi\u1ec1u ion kim lo\u1ea1i tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ion natri, kali trong m\u00e1u, d\u1ecbch v\u1ecb qu\u00e1 chua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea3m quang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. Nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea3m quang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 tan m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea3m quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfu phim, in \u1ea5n, trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quang d\u1eabn (d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). C\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u01a1n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed quang d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i men n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh men (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh enzim), v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n) c\u1ee7a men, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng t\u1eeb cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh men (enzim) l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh enzim, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy c\u01a1 “\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1eafng”. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: C\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed do v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3”. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7889\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}