V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quang n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90% kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 bay d\u00f9ng pin M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i wat \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1n wat. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7-9-1988, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “Phong v\u00e2n 1” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 14266 pin M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 2cm x 2cm, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 830 wat, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n 12 – 14%, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i pin ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gali asenua c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn 33%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn silic m\u1ed9t \u00edt photpho, l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed photpho c\u00f3 5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u00e1n d\u1eabn silic 1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng cao ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed photpho tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn silic m\u1ed9t \u00edt bo, th\u00ec do v\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u00edt h\u01a1n \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed silic 1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Do vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a bo v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ec3 silic s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c “l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng”, c\u00e1c “l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng” t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do b\u00ean trong tinh th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i n” c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i p” N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xen v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i p c\u00f2n b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i n, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac “p – n”. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quang t\u1eed (photon) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac p – n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m, c\u00f2n l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i p t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn silic xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf. N\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111eo tay. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n; Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn; Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quang n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90% kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 bay d\u00f9ng pin M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i wat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7896\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}