Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 silic. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p si\u00eau l\u1edbn) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Silic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t sau oxy, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 silic c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 gali asenua, in\u0111i photphua v\u00e0 gecmani) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean silic th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c silic tinh khi\u1ebft. Do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o silic tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn silic l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Silic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 900\u00b0C. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t gali asenua d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 silic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1200\u00b0C m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1p. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c cho nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1p v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho silic th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh photpho hay bo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp silic \u0111ioxit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cao tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng silic \u0111ioxit. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfn silic v\u00e0o oxy ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i gia nhi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m silic m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp silic \u0111ioxit d\u00e0y c\u1ee1 micromet \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a micromet. Nh\u1edd bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp silic \u0111ioxit h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c kh\u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 silic \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf m\u1eb7t ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u1edbp silic \u0111ioxit c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 silic \u0111ioxit*, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 silic \u0111ioxit \/ silic. Cho d\u00f9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gali asenua c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cao t\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi silic, nh\u01b0ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic v\u1eabn \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic; M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 silic. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p si\u00eau l\u1edbn) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7898"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7898\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}