Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc sang h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 2 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u01a1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbp 9<\/a>, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00ed metan, V\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng trong b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 metan h\u00f3a 9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a metan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd cu\u0309a Metan<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a metan l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed. Kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ecf than. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec metan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft metan t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed ra th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00ed metan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb g\u00ec, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (16<29) v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 tan r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00ed metan bay l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec metan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y. V\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn, nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u1edf g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u metan c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c CO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a metan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a metan l\u00e0 CH4. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 suy ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a metan g\u1ed3m 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H b\u1eb1ng 4 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a CH4 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tan trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dung m\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan trong dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u00f4i. M\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng dung m\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. V\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao CH4 tan v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed metan (CH4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a metan<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00ed metan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1, 2 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c metan h\u00f3a 9 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a metan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Oxi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Clo theo t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n Metan \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y trong oxi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 2 ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 H2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2 (kh\u00ed cacbondioxit). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n CH4 + 2O2 (nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323) \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tham kha\u0309o: \u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng ho\u0323c tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Clo trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f9ng oxi th\u00ec kh\u00ed metan c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Clo trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 2 ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 HCl v\u00e0 CH3Cl (metyl clorua). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H c\u1ee7a metan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra metyl clorua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a CH4 v\u1edbi Cl2 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a metan<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Clo n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a CH4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a metan l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a metan trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n Metan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng metan l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, kh\u00ed metan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y m\u00e0 khi ch\u00e1y c\u00f2n t\u1ecfa ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t. V\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a metan l\u00e0 kh\u00ed gas. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ebfp gas m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2\u0323t mi\u0301 bi\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111a\u0301nh tan n\u00f4\u0303i s\u01a1\u0323 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n CH4 \u201cg\u00f3p m\u1eb7t\u201d kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u1edf c\u1ea3 3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, metan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 hidro, axit axetic (CH3COOH), methanol (CH3OH),\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng metan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hidro trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a metan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh metan h\u00f3a 9. \u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t quan tro\u0323ng, th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng xuy\u00ean xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n trong ca\u0301c da\u0323ng ba\u0300i t\u00e2\u0323p ho\u0301a kha\u0301c nhau n\u00ean ba\u0323n c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i n\u0103\u0301m ro\u0303. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y va\u0300 1 s\u00f4\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0301c trong ca\u0301c ba\u0300i vi\u00ea\u0301t cu\u0309a Vietlearn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n H<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn B\u01b0\u1edbc sang h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 2 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u01a1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbp 9, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=792"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}