Ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00ed than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7, kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00ed than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed than \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1. Kh\u00ed than \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f2 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed3n kh\u00ed l\u1edbn, r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. Kh\u00ed than c\u00f3 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: Hy\u0111ro, monoxit cacbon v\u00e0 metan. Hy\u0111ro ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50% th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed than. Monoxit cacbon s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Monoxit cacbon chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 15% trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed than. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed than l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Theo quy chu\u1ea9n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, 1m3 kh\u00ed than khi ch\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 15900kCal. Kh\u00ed than s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam metan ho\u1eb7c hy\u0111ro \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec trong kh\u00ed than c\u00f3 monoxit cacbon l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng monoxit cacbon trong kh\u00ed xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed than \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng”, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c kh\u00ed thu h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u00e1 d\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 butan, butylen, propan, propylen. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n \u00e9p s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. Kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p v\u00ec v\u1eady r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i khi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1edf van \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh, qua van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf v\u00f2i kh\u00ed gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed than t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. D\u00f9ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So v\u1edbi kh\u00ed than, kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 hai \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, hai l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi d\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u00ed than nhi\u1ec1u, khi \u0111\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m nhanh h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed than l\u00e0 do kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n kh\u00ed than.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00ed than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn cho nhau. B\u1ebfp kh\u00ed than kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1eeda gi\u00f3. Khi kh\u00ed than ch\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf quanh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng khi ch\u00e1y cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn n\u00ean khi ch\u00e1y c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1eeda gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p khi ch\u00e1y. Khi d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p. B\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf xa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec khi b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng, kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00ec kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng khi ch\u00e1y ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, n\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng oxy thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kh\u00ed than; Kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00ed than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7, kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7922\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}