Trong “\u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh” kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 53 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 “\u00edt c\u00f3”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. So v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebdm, ch\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Liti, thori, Ytri l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u00ec. Ziriconi c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfc m\u0169” kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm? C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm”. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c “ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng” trong h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n, kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5, n\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec v\u00e0ng. Berili l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, berili \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01a1tron. Berili thu\u1ed9c “kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9”, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Berili l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng – berili c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tinh vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niobi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd th\u00fa. So v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng th\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niobi trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niobi trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n. Niobi l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c “ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng”. Tr\u1eeb hy\u0111ro florua, c\u00e1c axit kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o v\u1edbi niobi. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a niobi \u0111\u1ebfn 2400\u00b0C, l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. Kim lo\u1ea1i niobi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, 1kg niobi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 104 l\u00edt hy\u0111ro! V\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean niobi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt niobi v\u00e0o th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u. Niobi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 berili v\u00e0 niobi m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong “\u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh” kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 53 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 “\u00edt c\u00f3”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7930"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7930\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}