Ng\u00e0y nay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, than \u0111\u00e1, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, hy\u0111ro \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb. Hy\u0111ro l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c. Sau khi \u0111\u1ed1t hy\u0111ro ch\u1ec9 sinh ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxy ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, cacbon\u2026. kh\u00f4ng sinh ra b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hy\u0111ro c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y nhanh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 hy\u0111ro c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn: Hy\u0111ro chi\u1ebfm 11% th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 71% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n che ph\u1ee7. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn hy\u0111ro l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro v\u00e0 oxy. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hy\u0111ro c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9? Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn hy\u0111ro \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3. Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9n ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng. Nh\u01b0ng hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a hy\u0111ro r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (-52,8\u00b0C) n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i khi n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef hy\u0111ro ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro l\u1ea1i chui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hy\u0111ro s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ee3p kim, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hy\u0111ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chui v\u00e0o \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ee3p kim. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 “\u0111\u1ea9y” hy\u0111ro ra kh\u1ecfi kim lo\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef hy\u0111ro trong c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 canxi, liti, magi\u00ea, titan, vana\u0111i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u1edf d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. Nh\u01b0ng khi d\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a hy\u0111ro tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim magie – niken, magie – \u0111\u1ed3ng, lantan – niken, titan – mangan, titan – s\u1eaft, ziriconi – titan, ziriconi – crom\u2026. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hy\u0111ro r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim m\u00e0 v\u1edbi 0,4m3\/ h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 175m3\/ kh\u00ed. M\u00e0 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m3\/ kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro khi ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 – 6 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef n\u00f3. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed hy\u0111ro r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n minh, khi\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Hy\u0111ro; H\u1ee3p kim t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef; Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hy\u0111ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, than \u0111\u00e1, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hy\u0111ro l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch trong […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7948"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7948\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}