Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng ozon. Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Khi tia s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n cao h\u01a1n 50 km, do ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 oxy s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao 100km tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ozon kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ozon tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ozon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt. T\u1eeb 10km tr\u1edf l\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ozon t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong v\u00f2ng 20 – 25km, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ozon \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7ng ozon r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao 60km tr\u1edf l\u00ean n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ozon s\u1ebd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u00e9. Ozon c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, gi\u00fap cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea7ng ozon \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Theo d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ozon gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 10% th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 da s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7ng ozon l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea7ng ozon l\u1ea1i l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 “ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c” h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00fd th\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi Nam c\u1ef1c, l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng ozon, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a tia s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh – h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecd freon – \u0111ang r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed freon v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n. Sau khi ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng ozon. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ozon s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ea7ng ozon b\u1ecb kho\u00e9t th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 th\u1ee7ng t\u1ea7ng ozon, tia s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng oxy ho\u00e1 kh\u1eed, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n trong v\u00f2ng 12km tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, do c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra ozon, c\u00e1c an\u0111ehyt, m\u00f9 axit sunfuric c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n; Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i; T\u1ea7ng ozon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng ozon. Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7956\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}