To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 que di\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y: \u0110\u1ea7u que di\u00eam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 antimon sunfua (Sb2S3) v\u00e0 kali clorat (KClO3). Th\u00e2n que di\u00eam b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u que g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng parafin ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng. V\u1ecf bao di\u00eam c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp photpho \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 keo thu\u1ef7 tinh l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7m que di\u00eam qu\u1eb9t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o v\u1ecf bao, \u0111\u1ea7u que di\u00eam ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o l\u1edbp photpho \u0111\u1ecf, do photpho \u0111\u1ecf khi b\u1ecb ma s\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh tia l\u1eeda. Kali clorat \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u que di\u00eam g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd cho oxy tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m antimon sunfua b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Th\u00e2n que di\u00eam ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00e2m ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 di\u00eam th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n qu\u1eb9t nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fac ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft di\u00eam th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 khi ra tr\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda. Khi c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i s\u00fang, c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eadp “chan ch\u00e1t” cho b\u1eafn ra c\u00e1c tia l\u1eeda v\u00e0o v\u1eadt d\u1eabn ho\u1ea3. L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n 1 – 2 ph\u00fat m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho s\u00fang tay ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1o. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, khi c\u1ea7n b\u1eafn c\u00e1c d\u00e3 th\u00fa, khi nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eadp \u201cchan ch\u00e1t” ch\u1eafc d\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng, b\u00f2 r\u1eebng s\u1ebd b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y m\u1ea5t t\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Que di\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Italia h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng thanh g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n di\u00eam, \u0111\u1ea7u di\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kali clorat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng di\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u di\u00eam v\u00e0o axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c, m\u1ed9t l\u00fac sau, \u0111\u1ea7u di\u00eam s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam n\u00e0y gi\u00e1 cao, kh\u00f3 mang \u0111i l\u1ea1i, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1834 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam que tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u que di\u00eam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 photpho tr\u1eafng. Photpho tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y. C\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam n\u00e0y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ho\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1n. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i photpho tr\u1eafng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t di\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a photpho v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S2P4) l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u que di\u00eam. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1t nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u00e1t l\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u0169ng b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. D\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam an to\u00e0n. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ma s\u00e1t th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ea7u que di\u00eam ph\u1ea3i qu\u1eb9t v\u00e0o l\u1edbp photpho \u0111\u1ecf ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean v\u1ecf bao di\u00eam m\u1edbi b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. So v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i di\u00eam b\u1eb1ng photpho tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 di\u00eam ma s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Di\u00eam; Photpho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 que di\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y: \u0110\u1ea7u que di\u00eam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 antimon sunfua (Sb2S3) v\u00e0 kali clorat (KClO3). Th\u00e2n que di\u00eam b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u que g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng parafin ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng. V\u1ecf bao di\u00eam c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp photpho \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 keo thu\u1ef7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}