X\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 “anh em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt v\u1edbi nhau”. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t do hai lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0 hy\u0111ro – c\u00e1c hy\u0111rocacbon – t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 x\u0103ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1eeb 5 – 11, c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 11 – 16. S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hy\u0111ro cacbon kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi x\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c tia l\u1eeda l\u00e0 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1eeda ng\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n d\u00f9ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m th\u00ec b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y ngay. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y lan r\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00ed than trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn, kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed. Khi d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, s\u1ebd lan to\u1ea3 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba ch\u00e1y. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y bay h\u01a1i: c\u1ed3n, x\u0103ng, l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng sau khi bay h\u01a1i, h\u01a1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i. Sau khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Than c\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt r\u1eafn. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng bay h\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y do bay h\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda (hay \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp l\u1eeda) c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi -46\u00b0C. \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 t\u1eeb 28 – 45\u00b0C. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 45\u00b0C l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ea7u mazut, d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda t\u1eeb 22 – 45\u00b0C thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 22\u00b0C thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda l\u00e0 11\u00b0C thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y nguy hi\u1ec3m. X\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1y n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1eeda ng\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c tia l\u1eeda l\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f9ng. Sau khi l\u1edbp h\u01a1i x\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t x\u0103ng l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, x\u0103ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bay h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 25\u00b0C, do ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 n\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1y n\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi b\u1ea1n \u0111em que di\u00eam \u0111ang ch\u00e1y l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3, d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Khi t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i v\u1ea3i, hay s\u1ee3i b\u1ea5c), d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mao qu\u1ea3n trong s\u1ee3i v\u1ea3i, d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ng\u1ea5m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n. Do b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, n\u00ean khi \u0111em ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda v\u00e0o b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xung quanh s\u1ee3i b\u1ea5c s\u1ebd l\u1edbn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. D\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft, d\u1ea7u \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea5m l\u00ean do l\u1ef1c mao qu\u1ea3n, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 n\u00f3i chung g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi tim \u0111\u00e8n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xung quanh d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tim \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u1eabn b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xe ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda cao nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u mazut, d\u1ea7u \u0103n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tim \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y; \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft l\u1eeda; X\u0103ng; D\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
X\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 “anh em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt v\u1edbi nhau”. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t do hai lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0 hy\u0111ro – c\u00e1c hy\u0111rocacbon – t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 x\u0103ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}