h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/a> l\u00e0 T\u00f4n T\u1ef1 M\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 “\u0110\u01a1n kinh”. Trong s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, l\u1ea5y 2 l\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, 2 l\u1ea1ng di\u00eam ti\u00eau (kali nitrat), 3 l\u1ea1ng b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft ch\u1ebf ra. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, khi Tr\u1ecbnh Phan ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh D\u1ef1 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn “l\u1eeda bay”. Lo\u1ea1i l\u1eeda bay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ed3i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en v\u00e0o ho\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o, nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng ph\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng n\u0103m Khai Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai (ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 – n\u0103m 969), Ph\u00f9ng Ngh\u0129a Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea1c Ngh\u0129a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh “s\u00fang l\u1eeda”, “ph\u00e1o m\u00f9”\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean (n\u0103m 1218), qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3 r\u1eadp mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u00e1, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en m\u1edbi b\u00ed m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3 r\u1eadp. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3 r\u1eadp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i: Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng “ph\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p” v\u00e0 “s\u1ea5m rung tr\u1eddi”. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3 r\u1eadp m\u1edbi nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00e2u m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n than g\u1ed7, kali nitrat, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi d\u00f9ng que di\u00eam \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u00f2i ph\u00e1o, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 trong l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: Than g\u1ed7, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kali nitrat to\u1ea3 ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t, sinh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit, cacbon \u0111ioxit.., th\u1ec3 t\u00edch thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 1000 l\u1ea7n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u1edbp v\u1ecf gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed5i b\u1ecb to\u00e1c ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 “\u0111\u00f9ng”, n\u1ed5 tan x\u00e1c ph\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o t\u00e9p n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5 s\u1ebd to\u1ea3 ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do khi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd sinh ra b\u1ee5i r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a kali sunfat. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en, v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng to\u1ea3 kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng. Tuy ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed vui v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i; g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i\u2026 V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ph\u00e1o; Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ph\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i: Ph\u00e1o ta, ph\u00e1o c\u00e2y, ph\u00e1p t\u00e9p. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed5 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng. Nghe n\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfng “\u0111\u00f9ng” \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1o con, n\u1ebfu n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00ec \u0111\u00f9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1o b\u00e1nh, ph\u00e1o d\u00e2y. V\u00ec sao ph\u00e1o l\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7976\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}