V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, khi tai ta nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0ng th\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1o hoa nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c ca m\u00faa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hoan h\u00f4 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1o hoa tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p k\u00e8m theo ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 to nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o tre v\u1eeba bay l\u00ean cao v\u1eeba ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c tia l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, ph\u00e1o hoa c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng tre to, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en, c\u00f3 ng\u00f2i d\u1eabn ho\u1ea3. Khi ph\u00f3ng ph\u00e1o hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u00f2i r\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng ph\u00f3ng. D\u00e2y d\u1eabn ho\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1eeda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1t thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3ng ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ef1c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o l\u00ean t\u1eadn t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng b\u00e9n v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 ch\u00e1y, thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y ph\u00e1t m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en. Khi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t m\u00e0u l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5 tung, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang b\u1eafn ra b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e1m h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 ch\u00e1y do kali nitrat, bari nitrat\u2026 t\u1ea1o ra. Khi kali nitrat, bari nitrat b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd cho tho\u00e1t ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed oxy khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m, magie. B\u1ed9t c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng lo\u00e1 m\u1eaft. Sau khi ph\u00e1o hoa ch\u00e1y, ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c oxit nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m oxit, magie oxit l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u00e0u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o hoa. Ph\u00e1o hoa s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u1ed5 cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u00e0u. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1i natri nitrat v\u00e0 natri hy\u0111ro cacbonat khi b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y cho m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, stronti nitrat cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, bari nitra ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ed3ng cacbonat, \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat khi ch\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u lam. B\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m, b\u1ed9t magi\u00ea cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. M\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng “c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u” \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebb k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n cho ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1o, ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u: Khi c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf b\u00e1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. Tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c l\u00fac b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ph\u00e1o hoa; Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, khi tai ta nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0ng th\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1o hoa nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c ca m\u00faa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hoan h\u00f4 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7978"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}