Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c xoay quanh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec hay ch\u01b0a? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic \u2013 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f4i ne\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tham kha\u0309o: \u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng ho\u0323c tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 axit cacbonic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i axit n\u00e0y. Tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit nh\u01b0ng axit cacbonic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i axit r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong d\u00e3y v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng H2CO3\u2026 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, axit cacbonic c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ra l\u00e0m 02 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i hi\u0111rocacbonat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit nh\u01b0ng axit cacbonic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i axit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i cacbonat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Na2CO3, CaCO3.v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh song nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i axit v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 NaHCO3, Ba(HCO3)2,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Tinh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hai ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, xin m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc si\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit cacbonic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Axit cacbonic c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed C02 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong 90m3 kh\u00ed co2 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n trong 1000m3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a. Dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t axit cacbonic nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Axit cacbonic c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, axit cacbonic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit y\u1ebfu. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eadm nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, axit cacbonic ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1ea1t nh\u1eb9. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, axit cacbonic c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i axit d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y khi x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, axit cacbonic l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed CO2 bay l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2\u0323t mi\u0301 ca\u0301ch \u0111a\u0301nh bay n\u00f4\u0303i s\u01a1\u0323 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m trung h\u00f2a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 CaCO3, BaCO3, MgCO3\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i cacbonat thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m axit s\u1ebd tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c axit y\u1ebfu n\u00ean mu\u1ed1i cacbonat d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Natri clorua (NaCl), kh\u00ed CO2v\u00e0 H2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ee5ng bazo. L\u00fac n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1i cacbonat s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 sinh ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bazo m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kali cacbonat (K2CO3) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Canxi hidroxit (Ca(OH)2) s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Kali hydroxit (2KOH) v\u00e0 Cacbonat canxi (CaCO3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c. L\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd dung h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 2 mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Clorua canxi (CaCl2) s\u1ebd sinh ra hai lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Natri clorua (2NaCl) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i Cacbonat canxi (CaCO3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i 02 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3), Kali cacbonat (K2CO3) th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh hai ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb l\u00e0 Canxi oxit (CaO) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ea\u0301t lu\u00e2\u0323n v\u00ea\u0300 axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt m\u00ed ngay \u1edf tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu xem k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u1edbp 9 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Vietlearn ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhanh nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Axit \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Axit Baz\u01a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 axit cacbonic v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=802"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/802\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}