N\u0103m v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0: ng\u1ecdt, chua, \u0111\u1eafng, cay, m\u1eb7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t, v\u1ecb ngon,\u2026 Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i cho ta phong v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb m\u1eb7n trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (natri clorua) cung c\u1ea5p. So v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ion kali, v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ion canxi, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ion magie th\u00ec ion natri trong natri clorua ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 magie clorua, canxi clorua c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t. Ngo\u00e0i natri clorua, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u0169ng cho v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 natri malat, natri gluconat, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb chua l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c axit cung c\u1ea5p. V\u1ecb chua c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5m g\u1ea1o l\u00e0 do axit axetic cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c axit cho v\u1ecb chua v\u00ec trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit c\u00f3 ion hy\u0111ro, c\u00f2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ecb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra axit m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chua l\u1edbn h\u01a1n axit y\u1ebfu, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1edbi axit m\u1ea1nh, trong c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ly cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion hy\u0111ro nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n axit y\u1ebfu. V\u1edbi c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 chua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch axit do t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u1ee3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ion \u00e2m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 chua c\u1ee7a axit axetic l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 chua c\u1ee7a axit clohy\u0111ric. C\u00e1c ion \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb chua, \u0111\u1eafng, ch\u00e1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb chua cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n c\u00e1c axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1. C\u00f9ng cho v\u1ecb chua nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c axit xitric, axit lactic, axit axetic, axit malic l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ngon mi\u1ec7ng. C\u00e1c axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, n\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecd este r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111em l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl th\u00ec v\u1ecb s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 dung d\u1ecbch 5% r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic h\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt v\u00ec trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl; ph\u00e2n t\u1eed etylenglycol c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl n\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Glyxerol (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 glycerin) trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 3 nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl n\u00ean glyxerol c\u00f3 v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m hy\u0111roxyl \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t cho v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng fructoza, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch nha, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lactoza\u2026 M\u1eadt ong l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong l\u00e0 glucoza (36,2%), fructoza (37,1%), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda (2,6%), g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 75% c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eadm. Ngo\u00e0i ra lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p saccarin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda g\u1ea5p 300-500 l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 saccarin c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 caphein trong h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, d\u1ecbch l\u00e1 ch\u00e8, h\u1ea1t ch\u00e8. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng \u0111\u1eadm. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u00ec t\u1eedu l\u00e0 t\u1eeb hoa bia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t xeton, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i magie clorua, canxi clorua, kali io\u0111ua\u2026, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y cho v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng v\u1ecb cay. C\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 v\u1ecb cay nh\u01b0 \u1edbt. Trong g\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t cay h\u1ecd xeton, h\u1ecd phenol, h\u1ecd quinon. T\u1ecfi, nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eadu kh\u1ea5u, \u0111inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean ch\u00fang cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1c phong v\u1ecb ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb ch\u00e1t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00f4, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 xanh nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3ng xanh, chu\u1ed1i xanh, t\u00e1o xanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t. V\u1ecb ch\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tanin sinh ra. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u0169ng cho v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ho\u00e0 tan ph\u00e8n chua (ph\u00e8n nh\u00f4m, kali) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t. Do v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch, n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m v\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1ecb gi\u00e1c;V\u1ecb m\u1eb7n; V\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt; V\u1ecb chua; V\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng; V\u1ecb cay; V\u1ecb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u0103m v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0: ng\u1ecdt, chua, \u0111\u1eafng, cay, m\u1eb7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t, v\u1ecb ngon,\u2026 Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i cho ta phong v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m? V\u1ecb m\u1eb7n trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}