Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polime c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 \u00edch, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ea\u0300 c\u01a1 ba\u0309n, Polime ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. T\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 oligomer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Vi\u0301 du\u0323 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y polime l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y g\u00ec, ph\u1ee5 gia polymer l\u00e0 g\u00ec hay ti\u1ec1n polymer l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polymer l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Polimer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polime l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n polime s\u1ebd cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u1edbt. Khi \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n r\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i polime \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tan \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng dung m\u00f4i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Polime<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polime hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng m\u1ea1ch cacbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch: Polime tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh monome ba \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u00fd do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec polime c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u1edf b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 polime kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ch: C\u00e1c polime c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i \u1edf trong m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng m\u1ea1ch: Khi \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch polime c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a polime<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polime \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cao<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, \u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng \u1edf trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a polime m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n hay \u1ed5 c\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp polime \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf trong b\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng polime, \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Polime c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay cho s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng, l\u1ee5a\u2026 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch\u2026 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, polime c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u polime<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tham kha\u0309o: \u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng ho\u0323c tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a polime trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, polime \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00e1o m\u01b0a, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n hay c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polime d\u1ebbo c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay th\u1ebf cho 1 s\u00f4\u0301 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u0301 du\u0323 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u0303ng sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i, g\u1ed7, da, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y tinh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n, nh\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, polime ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a polime \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00eam cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u1edf trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i polime c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb polime h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu th\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u2013 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 To<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Polime c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c polime l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 \u00edch, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}