Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t phi kim oxi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng l\u1edbp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Ba\u0300i vi\u00ea\u0301t sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 oxi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m VIA, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 8. Oxi n\u1eb1m \u1edf chu k\u1ef3 2 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 1s22s22p4, \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 6e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Oxi va\u0300 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, oxy l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 O=O.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e2\u0323y khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec Oxi s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb. Oxi tan \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u00ec oxi s\u1ebd h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng \u1edf -183 \u0111\u1ed9. Khi h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u oxi v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 32:29. Oxi tan r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u1edbi 100ml, 1atm s\u1ebd ho\u00e0 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,1ml oxi. Kh\u00ed oxi \u1edf 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 1atm s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tan l\u00e0 0,0043g t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng 100g H2O.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxi \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng \u2155 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00f2n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec oxi c\u00f3 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec oxi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i phi kim trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a oxi h\u00f3a 8 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 th\u00eam t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a oxi v\u1edbi 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim l\u00e0 photpho(P) v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh(S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ch\u00e1y trong oxi r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o ra ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t. Pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111i-o-x\u00edt(SO2) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh tri-o-x\u00edt(SO3) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi photpho<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Oxi v\u1edbi photpho<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Photpho ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f3i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1ecd. B\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 P2O5 ( \u0111iphotpho pentaoxit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi phi kim, oxi kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft oxi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: oxit- s\u1eaft t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho c\u1ea3 s\u1eaft III v\u00e0 s\u1eaft II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung t\u00ean l\u00e0 Oxit s\u1eaft t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tham kha\u0309o: \u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng ho\u0323c tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Oxi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a oxi v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed metan c\u00f3 trong kh\u00ed bioga, b\u00f9n ao v\u1edbi oxi, t\u1ecfa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec oxi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u oxi v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 KCLO3(r\u1eafn), KMnO4(r\u1eafn),\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed: Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111ioxit, bui trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng th\u00ec s\u1ebd thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxi. Oxi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf trong b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 150atm v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch 100 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc: khi \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0 tan n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt NaOH ho\u1eb7c H2SO4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec s\u1ebd thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed hidro \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00ed oxi \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxi. Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00ea\u0300 h\u00f3a 8 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a oxi \u01a1\u0309 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u1edbp 8 \u2013 C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp hay g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Kim lo\u1ea1i la\u0300 gi\u0300 \u2013 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi con l\u00ean l\u1edbp 9 \u2013 Con t\u1ef1 tin b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Oxi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t phi kim oxi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng l\u1edbp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=824"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/824\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}