Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hidro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hidro c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed Hi\u0111ro<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hidro l\u00e0 H<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i (NTK): 1; CTHH \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t H2; PTK: 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tinh th\u1ec3 hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 mang h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hidro l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hidro. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t electron (e) c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m v\u00e0 quay xung quanh m\u1ed9t proton mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Proton n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hidro, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c Coulomb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hidro c\u0169ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u0111ro s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u0111ro t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed H2 bao g\u1ed3m hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111r\u00f4. Kh\u00ed H2 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. H2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n 14,5 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 -259,14 \u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i l\u00e0 -252,87 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec kh\u00ed n\u00e0y nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00ed hidro s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c 8<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hidro<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hidro t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i phi kim: Br2, Cl2, O2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hidro t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khi \u0111\u01b0a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111ang ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed oxy th\u00ec ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean thanh b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. V\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi hidro t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi th\u00ec S\u1ebd sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2H2 + O2 \u2192 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed oxi v\u00e0 kh\u00ed hidro s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00f4\u0309. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ed9n hai kh\u00ed n\u00e0y theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 2:1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch Kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 kh\u00ed oxi th\u00ec h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CuO<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi cho kh\u00ed hidro \u0111i qua b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng II th\u00ec oxit CuO s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9t CuO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho kh\u00ed H2 \u0111i qua th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Hidro t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CuO<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec H2 c\u00e0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 v\u1edbi CuO \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Cu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H2 + CuO (m\u00e0u \u0111en) \u2192Cu + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hidro c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a oxi \u1edf trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a CuO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: khi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec kh\u00ed hidro k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t oxi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a oxi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. Hidro c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vietlearn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AI nh\u1eafc h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng minh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u0323a va\u0300o ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t \u2013 \u01b0\u0301ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hidro trong th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ef1a theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u0111ro trong giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u01a1m cho khinh kh\u00ed c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: hi\u0111r\u00f4 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit clohidric HCl, amoniac NH3 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong luy\u1ec7n kim: \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb oxit c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n x\u00ec oxi hidro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed hidro \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Hidro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: bao g\u1ed3m dung d\u1ecbch axit v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Kim lo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m: Fe, Pb, Zn, Al,\u2026<\/li>
- Dung d\u1ecbch axit g\u1ed3m: H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 HCl lo\u00e3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
PTHH: Zn + HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed hidro s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc: 2H2O \u2192 2H2+ O2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hi\u0111ro th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng than kh\u1eed oxi trong l\u00f2 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2 t\u1eeb kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed hidro v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro. Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxit axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec ho\u0301a 8? C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i hay \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Oxi h\u00f3a 8 \u2013 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Hidro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hidro c\u00f9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}