{"id":849,"date":"2021-10-07T23:35:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T23:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=849"},"modified":"2021-10-14T22:12:12","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T15:12:12","slug":"su-nong-chay-va-su-dong-dac-la-gi-kien-thuc-ly-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/su-nong-chay-va-su-dong-dac-la-gi-kien-thuc-ly-6\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd 6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd 6 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u00e9. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd 6 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> l\u1edbp 6, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, khi m\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. V\u1eadt l\u00fd 6 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c em d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ra h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y x\u1ea3y ra khi n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn cho \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ion ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00e9m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt khi m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 luu hu\u1ef3nh. V\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra theo nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Khi m\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n ra ra sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u00eat \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ion ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u0103ng l\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp theo, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt l\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m, gi\u00fap cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e0i thi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 0oC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0 1300oC\n\n  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 1083oC\n\n  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Vonfram l\u00e0 3370oC\n\n  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm l\u00e0 420oC<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y,s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chia s\u1ebb v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  Trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. Vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ebd tan d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t.\n\n  \u0110\u1ec3 kem ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kem tan v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nhanh.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kem, s\u1eefa chua\n\n  L\u00e0m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eefa chua l\u1ecfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1, s\u1eefa chua\/kem s\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.\n\n  Khi luy\u1ec7n kim (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p), s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn luy\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n, kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169 h\u1ecfng\u2026 Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f3 co\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng, b\u1ebfp gas, b\u1ebfp h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap l\u00e0 m\u00e1t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng (freezer).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c em h\u00e3y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A, S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn sang th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B, S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn sang th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C, S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D, S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 C nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean website, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd 6 nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t va\u0300 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 8 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft V\u1eadt l\u00fd 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng? V\u1eadt l\u00fd 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=849"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/849\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}