{"id":8665,"date":"2021-11-21T12:25:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T05:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=8665"},"modified":"2021-11-21T16:02:15","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:02:15","slug":"tai-sao-ca-voi-biet-tu-sat-tap-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/tai-sao-ca-voi-biet-tu-sat-tap-the\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1 voi bi\u1ebft “t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3”?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1985, t\u1ea1i v\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea3 Thu\u1ef7 \u00e1o, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng cao, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf th\u00f4n Ki\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n T\u1ea5u D\u1eef, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10 m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn v\u00e2y quanh n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con th\u00fa bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 tay b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng l\u0103n l\u1ed9n k\u00eau g\u00e0o, h\u00f2ng v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra, ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 qu\u1ea5n ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00fang l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y trong s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n ngo\u00e0i xa, 1- 2 ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng hung h\u00e3n ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u01a1i xung quanh con c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111ang v\u00e2y b\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9. Thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 voi ch\u00f2ng ch\u00e0nh, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi sau khi gi\u1eb1ng co nhau 3 – 4 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 voi b\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n, n\u1eb1m la li\u1ec7t tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng “t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t” t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1970, tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Peirceburg c\u1ee7a bang Florida, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 150 con c\u00e1 voi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lao l\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y 17-7-1979 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecbnh Cana\u0111a, h\u01a1n 130 con c\u00e1 voi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1eb1m ph\u01a1i thi th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y 9-9-1981 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Tasmania – Australia, c\u00f3 160 con c\u00e1 voi to “t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t” \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y 13-3-1984, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 32 con c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi c\u00e1i, ch\u00fang l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bay xa ngo\u00e0i 4 km, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 “t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t” t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1 voi tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u1eebng vui, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, vui v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec, lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i “t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t” t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec9? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e1t \u00f3c suy ngh\u0129, t\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft bao c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/a> ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n \u0111a s\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n tr\u0169ng, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t n\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i t\u1eafm bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9n \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean xa trung t\u00e2m bi\u1ec3n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 “nh\u00ecn” c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u0103m d\u00f2 ph\u00e1t ra s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u1ed3i thanh. M\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u1ed3i thanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, va \u0111\u1eadp lung tung, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac r\u01a1i v\u00e0o “c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby” ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/a> cho r\u1eb1ng, thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u01b0a b\u00e3o v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n nghi\u00eang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00e1 voi theo s\u00f3ng b\u01a1i g\u1ea7n b\u1edd m\u1ed9t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n nghi\u00eang, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u0169, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 theo sau, mang theo b\u00f9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 voi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1edd, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi ph\u00e1t ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1 voi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00ed sinh tr\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1eadn c\u00e1. R\u1eadn c\u00e1 c\u00f3 v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafn r\u00e1ch da c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi chui v\u00e0o trong da \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u00e1u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng k\u00ed sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n r\u1eadn c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n h\u1ebft m\u1ea3ng da l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 voi \u0111au kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0y v\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u00ed sinh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 voi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eadn c\u00e1, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf, c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng v.v.. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt th\u00ec r\u1eadn c\u00e1 s\u1ebd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00e1 voi ngay. Nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, th\u01b0\u1eddng do n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 voi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1eabn thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm r\u00f5 ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1985, t\u1ea1i v\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea3 Thu\u1ef7 \u00e1o, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng cao, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf th\u00f4n Ki\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n T\u1ea5u D\u1eef, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-sinh-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8665\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}