Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2013 T\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xong h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion. V\u1eady h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 metan. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh sau c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n lu\u00f4n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 metan nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc H2O: nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 1 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 O c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed metan CH4, nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 4 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 1. Khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3, song ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong n\u1ed9i dung h\u00f3a 10 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i sang m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ebfp theo trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 10 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a. S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 0. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t Cu, Zn, O2, H2, N2\u2026. \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 0. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t MgO (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Mg c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb +2, O c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb -2, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 2-2=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ion \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ion \u0111\u00f3, ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ion. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Mg2+ c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a l\u00e0 +2, v\u1edbi \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed NO3 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a N + s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a O =+5 + 3.(-2) = -1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. \u0110a s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H l\u00e0 +1, tr\u1eeb NaH, AIH l\u00e0 -1. S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a O l\u00e0 -2 tr\u1eeb H2O2, Na2O2 l\u00e0 -1 v\u00e0 OF2 l\u00e0 +2. Halogen c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a F lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 -1; khi \u0111i v\u1edbi H v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a l\u00e0 -1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i v\u1edbi O th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 +1, +3, +5, +7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh khi \u0111i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c H th\u00ec -2, \u0111i v\u1edbi O th\u00ec +4, +6. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m IA l\u00e0 +1, nh\u00f3m IIA l\u00e0 +2 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m IIA l\u00e0 +3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xong h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. C\u00e1c em l\u01b0u \u00fd h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u00fang nh\u00e9. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c em th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Oxi h\u00f3a 8 \u2013 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u1edbp 8 \u2013 C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp hay g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u2013 tinh th\u1ec3 ion: H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 10 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u00f4n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 10 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u em h\u1ecdc sinh b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd g\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}