Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p song song nhau. V\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nhau \u1edf hai b\u00ean toa t\u00e0u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c – kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray, hay chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u, c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray c\u00f3 h\u01a1i n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng ra, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho t\u00e0u kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1eadt b\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u1ed5 ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 1435 mm, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5y! Ngay t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn xa tr\u00e0n qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebft b\u00e1nh xe r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ebft b\u00e1nh xe c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh ch\u1eebng 1435 mm, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c xe ng\u1ef1a b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Anh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho xe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo v\u1ebft l\u00f5m r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nhau – 1435 mm. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1825, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Anh, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 1435 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. N\u0103m 1937, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray l\u00e0 1435 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c ra, do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1435 mm, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 1524 mm, c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 1667 mm, c\u00f2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1067 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 1435 mm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Myanma, Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft h\u1eb9p d\u00f9ng cho t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, v\u00ec chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf g\u1ed7, s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng toa t\u00e0u h\u1eb9p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft h\u1eb9p 762 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray; Kh\u1ed5 ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ray h\u1eb9p; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ray<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p song song nhau. V\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nhau \u1edf hai b\u00ean toa t\u00e0u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c – kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray, hay chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u, c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8854"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8854\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}