{"id":8858,"date":"2021-11-21T15:18:33","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T08:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=8858"},"modified":"2021-11-21T16:03:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:03:00","slug":"duong-sat-sieu-dai-khong-co-khe-noi-khac-voi-duong-sat-thong-thuong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/duong-sat-sieu-dai-khong-co-khe-noi-khac-voi-duong-sat-thong-thuong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft si\u00eau d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, toa t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau &#8220;c\u1eafc c\u1ee5p&#8221; nghe th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111i t\u00e0u, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t \u00eam, l\u00e2u l\u00e2u m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i thanh ray d\u00e0i 25 cm, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thanh ray l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch 25 cm th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1ch ra, v\u00e0 ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho thanh ray th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, n\u00f3ng th\u00ec n\u1edf ra, l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec co l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u l\u0103n qua khe h\u1edf s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n li\u00ean mi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh ray c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng, g\u00e2y n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y t\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n ch\u1ea1y t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thanh ray, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i thay cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i, hi\u1ec7n nay to\u00e0n tuy\u1ebfn d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 2 v\u1ea1n km, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ray d\u00e0i 250 m, 500 m, n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh 1-2 km. Lo\u1ea1i thanh ray d\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i th\u00eam 2-4 thanh ray ng\u1eafn lo\u1ea1i 25 m, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m &#8220;v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m&#8221; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tuy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng khi t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u1edf &#8220;v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m&#8221; v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thanh ray, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft si\u00eau d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng khe n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i thanh ray v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n khu h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ga. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y t\u00e0u, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nhanh, tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m hao ph\u00ed th\u00e9p, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c duy tu b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i chung m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n ray d\u00e0i 6-8 km, d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 50 km; \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i, 11 v\u1ea1n nh\u00f3m ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i; \u1edf Anh, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 645 km t\u1eeb Xiuston \u0111\u1ebfn Glasgou \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thanh ray. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n Amori Hakodate \u0111\u1eb7t thanh ray d\u00e0i 53,8 km. \u1ede \u00d4txtr\u00e2ylia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf than d\u00f9ng ray si\u00eau d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i 297 km. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Kinh S\u01a1n, v\u00e0 Kinh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray si\u00eau d\u00e0i 21,1 km v\u00e0 23,7 km. Hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh ray si\u00eau d\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n khu h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 2000 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng khe n\u1ed5i; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft si\u00eau d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng khe n\u1ed5i;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, toa t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau &#8220;c\u1eafc c\u1ee5p&#8221; nghe th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111i t\u00e0u, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t \u00eam, l\u00e2u l\u00e2u m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng va [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8858"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8858\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}