Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Thi\u00ean cao nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec3u phi” d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi bao la v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, lo\u00e0i chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do tha h\u1ed3 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay khi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hai m\u00e1y bay va ch\u1ea1m nhau. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981 \u0111\u1ebfn 1987 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 x\u1ea3y ra 35 v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y bay va ch\u1ea1m tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra ba l\u1ea7n hai m\u00e1y bay \u0111ang bay va v\u00e0o nhau. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tuy t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y bay, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hai chi\u1ebfc Boeing 747 va v\u00e0o nhau, l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 555 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft th\u00eam 35 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y bay bay trong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 va v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i, t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n m\u00e1y bay tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 bay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i khi l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 khi l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, m\u1ed9t khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bay v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 900 m. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: t\u1eeb khi m\u00e1y bay bay v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o, qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean, ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n 2-5 gi\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 500 m\/s (1800 km\/h) th\u00ec hai gi\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean c\u1ea7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay nh\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai m\u00e1y bay va v\u00e0o nhau \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u1ed7 giao nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed7 giao nhau c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Giao nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; giao nhau c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, xuy\u00ean qua h\u01b0\u1edbng bay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u00e2n bay l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xuy\u00ean qua h\u01b0\u1edbng bay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 bay v\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u00e2n bay, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bay c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng va ch\u1ea1m (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TCAS). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u0103ngten, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1eafp \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1eafp \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bay, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi hai m\u00e1y bay g\u1ea7n nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0103ngten TCAS c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean hai m\u00e1y bay sau khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n xong s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, TCAS s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1eed tr\u00ed s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e1y bay; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Thi\u00ean cao nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec3u phi” d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi bao la v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, lo\u00e0i chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do tha h\u1ed3 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay khi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8908"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8908\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}