N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kinh ng\u1ea1c th\u1ed1t l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 si\u00eau d\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh con t\u00e0u v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc “thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e1n”. Con t\u00e0u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n \u1ee9 l\u1ea1i do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00ec v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 cao. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00f3i chung d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u v\u00e0i v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 20 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u0103m con t\u00e0u b\u1ed1n v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p 20 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p, \u00f4ng vua t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn k\u1ebfch s\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t mang t\u00ean “Patilis” c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 54 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 22% so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 22 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cam ch\u1ecbu t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o con t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u mang t\u00ean “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n” c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 43 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh t\u00e0u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p 50,3 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi m\u00e0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 2\/5 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u00fat d\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00fat d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c khoang c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00e2n t\u00e0u. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho d\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, b\u1ecb l\u1eafc l\u01b0 chao \u0111\u1ea3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m, khoang h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khoang c\u00e1ch ly. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch ly khoang h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00edch l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng son, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 neo \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng. C\u00f3 khi t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea1y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 eo bi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u00e1ch t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng k\u00e9m d\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u00f2 d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: T\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u si\u00eau c\u1ea5p; V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kinh ng\u1ea1c th\u1ed1t l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 si\u00eau d\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh con […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8933"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8933\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}