{"id":8997,"date":"2021-11-21T15:38:41","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T08:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=8997"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:31","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:31","slug":"kien-truc-cao-tang-co-nhung-loai-hinh-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/kien-truc-cao-tang-co-nhung-loai-hinh-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 1884, \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chicago, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 10 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng? Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u1ede M\u1ef9, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 30 t\u1ea7ng m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng; c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, 10 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng; \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u00edt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 1-2 t\u1ea7ng, to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 30 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac si\u00eau cao t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng, \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1972, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i 1: 9-16 t\u1ea7ng (cao nh\u1ea5t 75 m). Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i 2: 17-25 t\u1ea7ng (cao nh\u1ea5t 50 m). Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i 3: 26-40 t\u1ea7ng (cao nh\u1ea5t 100 m). Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac si\u00eau cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean 40 t\u1ea7ng (tr\u00ean 100 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng ra, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u cao, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau, chi\u1ec1u cao m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng t\u1eeb 2,5-5 m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf Malaixia l\u00e0 452 m, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 chi\u1ec1u cao 443 m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Shells \u1edf Chicago n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Malaixia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 88 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f2n to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 110 t\u1ea7ng, h\u01a1n nhau nh\u1eefng 22 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01a1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 khung l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i hai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3; khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i ba th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 khung t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac si\u00eau cao t\u1ea7ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1ed1ng l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1ed1ng b\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 1884, \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chicago, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 10 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8997\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}