{"id":9039,"date":"2021-11-21T15:43:30","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T08:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9039"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:29","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:29","slug":"cac-kien-truc-cao-tang-chong-gio-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/cac-kien-truc-cao-tang-chong-gio-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “c\u00e2y to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn”. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao to, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao 50 t\u1ea7ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a>. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, khi d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1\/2 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh thoi, h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3, h\u00ecnh ba l\u00e1 v.v. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em), h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ee9ng gi\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u00e2y cao qu\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh thoi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p u\u1ed1n cong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 vu\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 40%. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m C\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0o Atlanta c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n C\u1ea9m Giang \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh l\u00e1 c\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3, h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 ba ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng xo\u00e8 ra c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. H\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng thi c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p \u0111a gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 (Pan American) \u1edf San Francisco l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p thon d\u00e0i, to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Hamkok \u1edf Chicago l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p \u0111a gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecdn. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Shells cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ch\u00edn c\u1ed9t vu\u00f4ng, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00eam c\u1ed9t c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai kh\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng vu\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u00e0, v\u1eeba tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi thi c\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p \u0111a gi\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p \u0111a gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 20-30 t\u1ea7ng d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 khung do c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ea7m h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3. C\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao 40-50 t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khung ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c- t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng gi\u00f3 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i cong nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quay 90o cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng ch\u1ecbu gi\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cong n\u1eefa. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t th\u00e9p n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng h\u1ee9ng gi\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50 t\u1ea7ng, n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u “kh\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng”. Kh\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng to l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, trong to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea7m thang m\u00e1y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Khi chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 70 – 80 t\u1ea7ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 100 t\u1ea7ng, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m hai \u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u1ed1ng l\u00f5i”, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng l\u1ed3ng \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u “\u1ed1ng trong \u1ed1ng”. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ed1ng l\u1ed3ng \u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 g\u1eady tre, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u1ed1ng ch\u00f9m”. To\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Shells n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng; T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u; T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “c\u00e2y to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn”. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao t\u1ea7ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao to, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao 50 t\u1ea7ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9039\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}