{"id":9093,"date":"2021-11-21T15:49:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T08:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9093"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:26","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:26","slug":"the-nao-la-thanh-pho-dien-vien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/the-nao-la-thanh-pho-dien-vien\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, giao th\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chen ch\u00fac ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec “c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1” \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 London c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y manh m\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 London su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, s\u00f4ng Thames x\u00f4ng l\u00ean m\u00f9i th\u1ed1i n\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7c, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Howard \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi k\u1ecbch do s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb l\u00e0 “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean”. “Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean” c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa” do m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 tinh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m kho\u1ea3ng 5,8 v\u1ea1n, c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 tinh kho\u1ea3ng 3,2 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh r\u1ebb qu\u1ea1t v\u00e0 to\u1ea3 ra chung quanh, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 tinh. B\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 20 h\u00e9cta, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0 th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c, r\u1ea1p k\u1ecbch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v.v. \u1ede b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb ph\u1ed1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng 128 m, \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v.v. V\u01b0\u1eddn hoa v\u00e0 b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa l\u1edbn, trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean” c\u1ee7a Howard ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t ly th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, song nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd” t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd” t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai do r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i trung t\u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 tinh trong “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean”, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00e3i c\u00e2y xanh, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i trung t\u00e2m, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng Brian Williems l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Trung t\u00e2m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ray c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng; ngo\u00e0i ra, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i xe d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ray s\u1eaft, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a xe l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, khi\u1ebfn cho giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u01b0 tr\u00fa qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean “g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng” r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng” l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ” g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, giao th\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chen ch\u00fac ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec “c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1” \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9093"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9093\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}