{"id":9105,"date":"2021-11-21T15:51:02","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T08:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9105"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:25","slug":"cac-gian-khoan-chiu-dung-su-va-daip-cua-song-bien-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/cac-gian-khoan-chiu-dung-su-va-daip-cua-song-bien-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khoan ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1ead\u00efp c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, khai th\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t boong r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, gi\u1ebfng khoan cao, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e0n khoan nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u s\u00e0 lan ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1937, tr\u00ean s\u00e0 lan l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khoan gi\u1ebfng, khi t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, cho s\u00e0 lan &#8220;ng\u1ed3i&#8221; tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n s\u00e0 lan \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi khai th\u00e1c xong, c\u1ea3 s\u00e0 lan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, r\u1ed3i di chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1ebfng khoan kh\u00e1c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e0n khoan n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 do c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khoan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u1edf bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u t\u1eeb v\u00e0i m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t. C\u00f2n gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o neo t\u00e0u c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c). Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadp b\u1ec1nh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i xa c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecbu s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e0n khoan c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 1947, \u1edf v\u1ecbnh M\u00eahic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy c\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng hao t\u1ed1n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u kinh kh\u1ee7ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u00e0n khoan k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 312 m d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn 59.000 t\u1ea5n, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn 275 tri\u1ec7u USD; c\u00f2n gi\u00e0n khoan b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ebfn 271 m, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 36,7 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n, x\u00e2y t\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n 2 t\u1ef7 USD. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau hao v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e0n khoan t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng? \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> gi\u00e0n khoan l\u1ea1i quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e0n khoan di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 do nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e0n khoan to l\u1edbn l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u00e0i xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2m l\u1edbn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf trong h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7n s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0n khoan, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m. Do \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a h\u00f2m n\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn \u1edf b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn c\u1ea5p 12 tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n cao 20-30 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0n khoan n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, neo c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gi\u00e0n khoan v\u00e0o m\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0n khoan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u g\u1ea7n 1000 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Gi\u00e0n khoan; Gi\u00e0n khoan ki\u1ec3u n\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m; T\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, khai th\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Gi\u00e0n khoan tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-ky-thuat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9105\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}