Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II, s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau khi th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi, t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng x\u1ea5u \u0111i, uy hi\u1ebfp nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1962, nh\u00e0 n\u1eef sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Rachel Carson ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cM\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i sinh th\u00e1i do l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: \u201cNh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt k\u00ec l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t chim mu\u00f4ng; b\u00f2, c\u1eebu l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed. Tr\u1ebb em \u0111ang ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef5, sau m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft ngay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa n\u1ed5i\u2026 Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i con chim l\u1ebb loi thoi th\u00f3p\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed7ng kinh ng\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 60 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean \u201cphong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a. \u1ede th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Hi L\u1ea1p, Trung C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, v.v\u2026 do vi\u1ec7c khai hoang v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng do ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean n\u1ea1n l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean mi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111i. \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y nay m\u1edbi c\u00f3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cKh\u00f4ng t\u00e1t c\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft c\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t r\u1eebng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u0103n b\u1eafn\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai th\u00e1c m\u00e3i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1ng 9\/1979, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 \u201cD\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1983, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; Rachel Carson.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9150\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}