{"id":9156,"date":"2021-11-21T16:09:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:09:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9156"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:23","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:23","slug":"vi-sao-co-ngay-trai-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-co-ngay-trai-dat\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 &#8220;Ng\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t&#8221;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 50 \u2013 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i chung, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1962, nh\u00e0 n\u1eef sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 Rachel Carson \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nhan \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cM\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u201d. Trong s\u00e1ch b\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nguy h\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y 22\/4\/1970, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, 2.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhanh lan r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y 22\/4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean Nelson &#8211; \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 60, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u00ec \u1edf M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u0103m 1963, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kenn\u01a1\u0111i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quanh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u1ea5u \u0111i cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 bao. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 1969, \u00f4ng Nelson m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ngay c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Haix\u01a1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Havard \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 25, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng Nelson v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc, to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, Haix\u01a1 l\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nelson, tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Nelson \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Haix\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u00ec thi cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc k\u00ec, Haix\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 22\/4 n\u0103m sau l\u00e0m \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Th\u00e1ng 9\/1969, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf X\u00eaat\u00f4, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang M\u1ef9 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed3m 28 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ee5c quy ho\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 sau h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 22\/4\/1990, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m 20 n\u0103m \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 200 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c 140 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tham gia \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede Mianma c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ebft voi; \u1edf Braxin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng v\u00f9ng Amazon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n \u1edf Anh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng bao g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pari c\u01b0\u1ee1i xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111i ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. \u1ede Oasinht\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra ng\u00e0y \u201cHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i\u201d, v.v\u2026 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Malilen t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n qu\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tham gia tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, v\u00f9ng Phunia t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cNg\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00ec Tr\u00e1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5t\u201d; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc bang California th\u1ea3 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ra \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i thay cho thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt; tr\u1ebb em th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pantima m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh \u0111i di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u201cNg\u00e0y Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d; Rachel Carson.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 50 \u2013 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i chung, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9156\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}