Thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb x\u1ea5u th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00ec qu\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cao\u201d. Cho n\u00ean thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho sinh th\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khai th\u00e1c, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau: \u201cAi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00ed, ai khai th\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ai ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, ai l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9, ai thu l\u1ee3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c, qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u1ede Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thu thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng khai cho khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u0103m 1975 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu thu\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u1edf b\u00e3i c\u00e1t. Kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t sau khi b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1989 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu thu\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n thu lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, thu\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, thu\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v.v.. Ngo\u00e0i thu thu\u1ebf ra, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cthu ph\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p ph\u00ed. \u1ede M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 hoang ph\u1ebf th\u00ec thu ph\u00ed khai th\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n than n\u1ed9p 35 xen. Ti\u1ec1n thu ph\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3nh quan m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf hoang. \u1ede Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0 thu\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu\u1ebf th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed cacbonic, thu\u1ebf th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed sunfur\u01a1. B\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u thu \u201cthu\u1ebf xanh\u201d. Sau khi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c thu thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1993 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 17 v\u00f9ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thu thu\u1ebf b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n thu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, du l\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1eebng, th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thu thu\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i; Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb x\u1ea5u th\u00eam. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9204\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}