{"id":9226,"date":"2021-11-21T16:17:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9226"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:16:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:16:07","slug":"vi-sao-phai-khai-pha-nguon-nang-luong-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-phai-khai-pha-nguon-nang-luong-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i khai ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft. Khai ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n. Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m trong m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u0111i, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho nhu c\u1ea7u con ch\u00e1u m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Song hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 n\u0103m. Trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 90 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f3ng ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1\/2 t\u1ec9 trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 100 ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u201cV\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi\u201d, m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 8 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh v\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro, v.v.. \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. 1 kg urani-235 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 7,94 x 1013J, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1 kg than \u0111\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2,93 x107J. Song 1 kg triti khi x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00f2n l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 4 \u2013 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n urani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urani l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. \u1ede v\u1ec9a nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, 1 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 1 g urani. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 3 g Uran. Ng\u00e0y nay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng urani ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng urani cao, c\u00f2n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch urani t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Triti l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hi\u0111ro. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Triti ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau n\u1eb7ng (n\u01b0\u1edbc Triti). M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00eca n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 2 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n x\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 manh nha, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft. Khai ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9226\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}