\u0102c quy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0103cquy li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1eady \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 oxi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n sinh ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110em hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c nh\u00fang v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, trong \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng ng\u0103n kh\u00ed. Cho kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0103cquy), kh\u00ed oxi th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ef1c kia (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c oxi h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0103cquy). Khi hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 oxi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i axit, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft hi\u0111ro \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0103cquy d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, s\u1ea3n sinh ra ion hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H2 \u2192 2H+ + 2e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 ion hi\u0111ro th\u00f4ng qua dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion (pr\u00f4ton), v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103cquy, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y sang t\u1ea7ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103cquy. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ion hi\u0111ro, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 oxi th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ee9c: 2H+ + 1\/2O2 + 2e \u2192 H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cho d\u00f9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit hay t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5: trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng sinh ra ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0: hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, thao t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 90%, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60%. Ngo\u00e0i ra quy m\u00f4 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u1ed3n, v.v.. V\u00ec \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, song c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111ang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 11.000 kW. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 kW th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho 11.000 h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, ph\u00e1t huy \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0103cquy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0102c quy nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0103cquy li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9242\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}