B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0103n c\u00e1 b\u00e9, c\u00e1 b\u00e9 \u0103n t\u00e9p\u201d ch\u01b0a? Th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: t\u00e9p \u2192 c\u00e1 b\u00e9 \u2192 c\u00e1 l\u1edbn (sinh v\u1eadt sau m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u1ea5y sinh v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n). Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i x\u00edch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh – \u0110acuyn n\u00eau ra n\u0103m 1859. Th\u1ef1c ra \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201ccon b\u1ecd ng\u1ef1a r\u00ecnh b\u1eaft chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft con chim s\u1ebb \u0111ang r\u00ecnh b\u1eaft b\u1ecd ng\u1ef1a\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n: Chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n \u2192 b\u1ecd ng\u1ef1a \u2192 chim s\u1ebb. Ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n do lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1eaft sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt k\u00ed sinh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t \u2192 b\u1ecd ch\u00e9t \u2192 vi khu\u1ea9n \u2192 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt; l\u00e1 kh\u00f4 \u2192 giun \u2192 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau xen nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00edt \u0111i th\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng g\u00ec? Khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt l\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt kia l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quy lu\u1eadt c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xem chim s\u1ebb l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chim c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ra s\u1ee9c s\u0103n b\u1eaft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng chim s\u1ebb h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch chim \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0103n m\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec chim s\u1ebb b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, g\u00e2y n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m thu ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ph\u1ea3i sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 50 \u2013 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i chung l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt di d\u1eddi, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0103n c\u00e1 b\u00e9, c\u00e1 b\u00e9 \u0103n t\u00e9p\u201d ch\u01b0a? Th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: t\u00e9p \u2192 c\u00e1 b\u00e9 \u2192 c\u00e1 l\u1edbn (sinh v\u1eadt sau m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u1ea5y sinh v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n). Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9244\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}