\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cNit\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 7, chu k\u00ec 2 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m VA trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac electron g\u1ed3m 2 l\u1edbp, l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1ecf c\u00f3 5 electron ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 Nit\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phi kim ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y mang h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nit\u01a1 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 N2 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1s2 2s2 2p3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 N2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vietlearn s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7n li h\u00f3a 11 \u2013 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed N2=28, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1m kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y tan \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng \u1edf \u2013 196oC v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a r\u1eafn c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. (Nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 80,8% nit\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i, c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i l\u00e0 1,4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u201cLIN\u201d hay \u201cLN\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm 4\/5 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 axit amin, amoniac, axit nitric,\u2026 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3 \u1edf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed N2 n\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, kh\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba kh\u1eed v\u1eeba oxi h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec nit\u01a1 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a khi gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a t\u1eeb 0 xu\u1ed1ng -3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00ed hidro, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Li th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed oxi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf 3000oC th\u00ec N2 s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u1eed. Sau khi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 nit\u01a1 monoxit \u2013 NO nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a t\u1eeb 0 t\u1edbi +2 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u00f3a n\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra NO2 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady nit\u01a1 oxit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N v\u00e0 O. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec nit\u01a1 oxit c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong khi N2O l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 th\u00ec NO2 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng NxOY<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed N2 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, Vietlearn s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed nit\u01a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf amoni clorua v\u00e0 natri nitrit, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra kh\u00ed N2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110un n\u00f3ng amoni dicromat (NH4)2Cr2O7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t Natri Azide ho\u1eb7c Bari Azide<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n \u00edt chi ph\u00ed nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed N2 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc : l\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t(PSA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch nit\u01a1 tinh khi\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam Amoniac v\u00e0 mu\u00f4\u0301i amoniac \u2013 Ho\u0323c t\u00f4\u0301t ho\u0301a 10 cu\u0300ng Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed N2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoniac, trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n kim, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 N g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Kh\u00ed c\u01b0\u1eddi N2O l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Mong r\u1eb1ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean, Topp<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2013 Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 4\/5 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=925"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}