{"id":935,"date":"2021-10-07T23:44:30","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T23:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=935"},"modified":"2021-10-14T22:07:24","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T15:07:24","slug":"axit-nitric-khai-niem-tinh-chat-vat-ly-hoa-hoc-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/axit-nitric-khai-niem-tinh-chat-vat-ly-hoa-hoc-va-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Axit nitric \u2013 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng axit \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nh\u0103\u0301c t\u01a1\u0301i nhi\u00ea\u0300u nh\u00e2\u0301t \u01a1\u0309 li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c ho\u0301a ho\u0323c trong ca\u0309 c\u00f4ng ta\u0301c gia\u0309ng da\u0323y cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301. V\u00e2\u0323y cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 do\u0300ng axit nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o? No\u0301 co\u0301 c\u00e2\u0301u, ca\u0301c ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng ra sao? Ha\u0303y cu\u0300ng v\u01a1\u0301i Vietlearn ti\u0300m hi\u00ea\u0309u axit nitric \u01a1\u0309 ngay ba\u0300i vi\u00ea\u0301t d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00e2y nhe\u0301.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gia\u0309i \u0111a\u0301p th\u0103\u0301c m\u0103\u0301c axit nitric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Axit nitric la\u0300 gi\u0300? Axit nitric co\u0301 c\u00e2\u0301u ta\u0323o nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u00ea\u0301n la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng axit c\u01b0\u0323c ma\u0323nh. C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u0301c ho\u0301a ho\u0323c cu\u0309a no\u0301 la\u0300 HNO3. Axit nitric nguy\u00ean ba\u0309n t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i da\u0323ng th\u00ea\u0309 lo\u0309ng, kh\u00f4ng ma\u0300u va\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t bi\u00ea\u0323t b\u00f4\u0301c kho\u0301i ma\u0323nh \u01a1\u0309 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u0301 \u00e2\u0309m. \u0110\u00e2y cu\u0303ng chi\u0301nh la\u0300 ly\u0301 do ma\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta b\u0103\u0301t g\u0103\u0323p HNO3 trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a \u0111i ke\u0300m s\u00e2\u0301m ch\u01a1\u0301p. Lo\u1ea1i axit n\u00e0y cu\u0303ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i la\u0300 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chi\u0301nh g\u00e2y ra hi\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean ca\u0323nh \u0111o\u0301, HNO3 co\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0301t la\u0300 do\u0300ng axit co\u0301 ti\u0301nh \u0111\u00f4\u0323c ha\u0323i va\u0300 r\u00e2\u0301t d\u00ea\u0303 g\u00e2y cha\u0301y. N\u00ea\u0301u \u0111\u00ea\u0309 l\u00e2u, axit nitric se\u0303 co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ea\u0309n tha\u0300nh ma\u0300u va\u0300ng va\u0300 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n la\u0300 do s\u01b0\u0323 ti\u0301ch tu\u0323 cu\u0309a nito oxit. Dung di\u0323ch axit nitric n\u00ea\u0301u co\u0301 h\u01a1n 86% la\u0300 HNO3 thi\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c go\u0323i la\u0300 axit nitric b\u00f4\u0301c kho\u0301i. Tu\u0300y thu\u00f4\u0323c va\u0300o s\u00f4\u0301 l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng nito oxit ma\u0300 no\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c quy \u0111i\u0323nh v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c ma\u0300u kha\u0301c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p> Amoniac v\u00e0 mu\u00f4\u0301i amoniac \u2013 Ho\u0323c t\u00f4\u0301t ho\u0301a 10 cu\u0300ng Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 cu\u0309a HNO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ti\u00ean, chu\u0301ng ta ha\u0303y cu\u0300ng ti\u0300m hi\u00ea\u0309u v\u00e2\u0323t ca\u0301c ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 cu\u0309a HNO3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i \u01a1\u0309 da\u0323ng th\u00ea\u0309 lo\u0309ng. La\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t lo\u0309ng kh\u00f4ng ma\u0300u va\u0300 co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u0323 b\u00f4\u0301c kho\u0301i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u0301 \u00e2\u0309m. Ty\u0309 tro\u0323ng la\u0300 1,51 g\/cm3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t ke\u0301m b\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 d\u00ea\u0303 da\u0300ng bi\u0323 ph\u00e2n hu\u0309y b\u01a1\u0309i a\u0301nh sa\u0301ng sinh ra khi nito dioxit. Khi\u0301 na\u0300y khi tan ra trong dung di\u0323ch co\u0301 ma\u0300u va\u0300ng. \u0110\u00e2y chi\u0301nh la\u0300 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n dung di\u0323ch ma\u0300u va\u0300ng \u01a1\u0309 ph\u00e2\u0300n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 tan v\u00f4 ha\u0323n trong n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c, \u0111\u00f4\u0323 pH= -2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t ho\u0301a ho\u0323c cu\u0309a HNO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t ho\u0301a ho\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 ho\u0301a b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch ma\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t na\u0300y ta\u0301c du\u0323ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c ch\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0301c. HNO3 v\u01b0\u0300a \u0111o\u0301ng vai tro\u0300 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4\u0323t axit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng la\u0323i v\u01b0\u0300a \u0111o\u0301ng vai tro\u0300 cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng oxi ho\u0301a c\u01b0\u0323c ma\u0323nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t ho\u0301a ho\u0323c cu\u0309a axit nitric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t axit ma\u0323nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 la\u0300 axit n\u00ean co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng la\u0300m quy\u0300 ti\u0301m chuy\u00ea\u0309n \u0111o\u0309.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i oxit bazo ta\u0323o ra mu\u00f4\u0301i va\u0300 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2HNO3 + CuO \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i bazo ta\u0323o ra mu\u00f4\u0301i va\u0300 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2HNO3 + Cu(OH)2 \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i mu\u00f4\u0301i ta\u0323o ra mu\u00f4\u0301i m\u01a1\u0301i va\u0300 axit m\u01a1\u0301i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2HNO3 + CuSO4 \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + SO2 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 la\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t oxi ho\u0301a ma\u0323nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i kim loa\u0323i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go\u0323i HNO3 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t oxi ho\u0301a ma\u0323nh do no\u0301 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0301c du\u0323ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c v\u01a1\u0301i h\u00e2\u0300u h\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301c kim loa\u0323i ngoa\u0323i tr\u01b0\u0300 Au va\u0300 Pt. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ta\u0323o tha\u0300nh mu\u00f4\u0301i nitrat, n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c va\u0300 ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m kh\u01b0\u0309 kha\u0301c nhau tu\u0300y thu\u00f4\u0323c va\u0300o kim loa\u0323i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A + HNO3 \u2192 A(NO3)x + H2O + NO (NO2, N2, NH4NO3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m kh\u01b0\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n tu\u0300y thu\u00f4\u0323c va\u0300o \u0111\u00f4\u0323 ma\u0323nh y\u00ea\u0301u cu\u0309a t\u01b0\u0300ng kim loa\u0323i va\u0300 n\u00f4\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323 cu\u0309a dung di\u0323ch. Kim loa\u0323i ca\u0300ng ma\u0323nh thi\u0300 Nito se\u0303 bi\u0323 kh\u01b0\u0309 xu\u00f4\u0301ng ho\u0301a tri\u0323 ca\u0300ng th\u00e2\u0301p. \u0110\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng cho Nito ho\u0301a tri\u0323 4, v\u01a1\u0301i s\u0103\u0301t cho ho\u0301a tri\u0323 2 va\u0300 v\u01a1\u0301i Na cho ho\u0301a tri\u0323 -3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p HNO3 loa\u0303ng ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i s\u0103\u0301t ho\u0103\u0323c h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng s\u0103\u0301t ma\u0300 co\u0300n d\u01b0 kim loa\u0323i thi\u0300 chi\u0309 cho ra mu\u00f4\u0301i s\u0103\u0301t 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 \u0111\u0103\u0323c ngu\u00f4\u0323i kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c kim loa\u0323i: Al, Fe va\u0300 Cr. \u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng thu\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng ho\u0301a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>T\u00ccm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u mu\u00f4\u0301i nitrat la\u0300 gi\u0300 v\u01a1\u0301i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ho\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323u qua\u0309 c\u1ee7a Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i phi kim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 co\u0300n co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c phi kim cho ra nito dioxit, n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c va\u0300 oxit cu\u0309a phi kim \u0111o\u0301.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VD: C + 4HNO3 \u2192 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P + 4HNO3 \u2192 SO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c ch\u00e2\u0301t kh\u01b0\u0309:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Axit nitric co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c ch\u00e2\u0301t kh\u01b0\u0309 kha\u0301c nh\u01b0 oxit bazo, bazo va\u0300 mu\u00f4\u0301i ma\u0300 kim loa\u0323i trong h\u01a1\u0323p ch\u00e2\u0301t ch\u01b0a \u0111a\u0323t ho\u0301a tri\u0323 cao nh\u00e2\u0301t. \u0110i\u00ea\u0309n hi\u0300nh la\u0300 pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c h\u01a1\u0323p ch\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a s\u0103\u0301t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VD: 4HNO3 + FeO \u2192 Cu(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FeCO3 + 4HNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O + CO2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c h\u01a1\u0323p ch\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0301c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PbS + 8HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 PbSO4 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a\u2193 + 8NO2 + 4H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ca\u0301ch sa\u0309n su\u00e2\u0301t ra axit nitric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 tri\u0300nh ba\u0300y \u01a1\u0309 ph\u00e2\u0300n 1, axit nitric co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ti\u0300m th\u00e2\u0301y trong ca\u0301c c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng \u0111i ke\u0300m v\u01a1\u0301i s\u00e2\u0301m se\u0301t. B\u00ean ca\u0323nh \u0111o\u0301, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta co\u0300n co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra HNO3 theo 2 ca\u0301ch: pho\u0300ng thi\u0301 nghi\u00ea\u0323m va\u0300 c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ca\u0301ch sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t axit nitric<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pho\u0300ng thi\u0301 nghi\u00ea\u0323m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong pho\u0300ng thi\u0301 nghi\u00ea\u0323m, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng mu\u00f4\u0301i natri nitrat k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01a1\u0301i dung di\u0323ch axit sunfuric \u0111\u0103\u0323c no\u0301ng. \u0110em ch\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0301t h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p na\u0300y \u01a1\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 ti\u00eau chu\u00e2\u0309n la\u0300 83 \u0111\u00f4\u0323. Sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m la\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301t tinh ma\u0300u tr\u0103\u0301ng. Tuy v\u00e2\u0323y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p na\u0300y th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng chi\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ra \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c m\u00f4\u0323t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng nho\u0309 HNO3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + NaNO3 (tinh th\u1ec3) \u2192 HNO3 + NaHSO4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn 68% axit v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p azeotropic v\u1edbi 32% n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c axit c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u1edbi axit sunfuric H2SO4. H2SO4 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O\u2192 4HNO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Axit nitric du\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m gi\u0300?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO3 la\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u00f4\u0323c ha\u0323i nh\u01b0ng cu\u0303ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng va\u0300o r\u00e2\u0301t nhi\u00ea\u0300u mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch kha\u0301c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La\u0300m thu\u00f4\u0301c th\u01b0\u0309 trong pho\u0300ng thi\u0301 nghi\u00ea\u0323m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t thu\u00f4\u0301c n\u00f4\u0309.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ky\u0303 thu\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 xa\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh ph\u00e2\u0300n co\u0300n so\u0301t la\u0323i cu\u0309a ca\u0301c kim loa\u0323i trong dung di\u0323ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch r\u00f4\u0323ng ra\u0303i trong nga\u0300nh luy\u00ea\u0323n kim va\u0300 tinh lo\u0323c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u01af\u0301ng du\u0323ng la\u0300m nhi\u00ean li\u00ea\u0323u giu\u0301p t\u00ean l\u01b0\u0309a hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng la\u0300m ch\u00e2\u0301t th\u01b0\u0309 ma\u0300u \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ph\u00e2n bi\u00ea\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t ki\u0301ch thi\u0301ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 toa\u0300n b\u00f4\u0323 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c li\u00ean quan t\u01a1\u0301i Axit nitric ma\u0300 Vietlearn mu\u00f4\u0301n cung c\u00e2\u0301p \u0111\u00ea\u0301n cho ba\u0323n \u0111o\u0323c. \u0110\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 tha\u0300nh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> trong vi\u00ea\u0323c chinh phu\u0323c b\u00f4\u0323 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c, ha\u0303y cu\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng ha\u0300nh v\u01a1\u0301i chu\u0301ng t\u00f4i \u01a1\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng chuy\u00ean mu\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Axit \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 9 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn(M\u1edf trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0103ng t\u00f4\u0301c v\u01a1\u0301i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ho\u0323c l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00f4\u0323c la\u0323(M\u1edf trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Axit Baz\u01a1 mu\u1ed1i \u2013 H\u00f3a 8(M\u1edf trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u0300m gia\u0301 tri\u0323 ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn HNO3 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng axit \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nh\u0103\u0301c t\u01a1\u0301i nhi\u00ea\u0300u nh\u00e2\u0301t \u01a1\u0309 li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c ho\u0301a ho\u0323c trong ca\u0309 c\u00f4ng ta\u0301c gia\u0309ng da\u0323y cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301. V\u00e2\u0323y cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 do\u0300ng axit nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o? No\u0301 co\u0301 c\u00e2\u0301u, ca\u0301c ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng ra sao? [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}