Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bhopal, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 bang Madhya Pradesh (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y li\u00ean h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Union Carbide s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0y 3\/12\/1984, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n quanh v\u00f9ng tai h\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 250 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, 2500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft ngay, 3000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau 2-3 ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Tai h\u1ecda n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t di ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ea3y thai, tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, g\u00e2y cho gia s\u00fac, gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh ho\u00e0ng, hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Bhopal \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 11 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam 2\/12\/1984, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00ean ca 2 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a metyl isocyanat (MIC) l\u00ean cao kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e8n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed. 0 gi\u1edd 15 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 3\/12, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y trong c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 MIC r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a MIC t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Ti\u1ebfp theo, anh ta c\u00f2n nghe th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a, van an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt nh\u1ee9c tai, n\u1eafp b\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng xi m\u0103ng v\u1ee1 tung. Anh ta m\u1edf m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa. 1 h s\u00e1ng, MIC trong b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ebfn 2 h 30 ph\u00fat m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c van an to\u00e0n, MIC ng\u1eebng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2.270 kg MIC lan ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y MIC trong b\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong b\u1ed3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho van an to\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, khi\u1ebfn cho MIC r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MIC l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m MIC s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, \u0111au b\u1ee5ng, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9 m\u1eaft, s\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00ec t\u1ee9c th\u1edf m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Bhopal \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m qui ph\u1ea1m thao t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thao t\u00e1c. Khi ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, s\u01a1 t\u00e1n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Bhopal; Metyl isocyanat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bhopal, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 bang Madhya Pradesh (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y li\u00ean h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Union Carbide s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0y 3\/12\/1984, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n quanh v\u00f9ng tai h\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u01af\u1edbc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9358\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}