{"id":9392,"date":"2021-11-21T16:36:29","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9392"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:15:53","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:15:53","slug":"vi-sao-noi-bui-bay-lo-lung-gay-hai-lon-hon-bui-lang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-noi-bui-bay-lo-lung-gay-hai-lon-hon-bui-lang\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao n\u00f3i b\u1ee5i bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ee5i l\u1eafng?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p I v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p II. B\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p I l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p II l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi oxi ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u1eafng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10 \u03bcm, c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng m\u00e3i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ng\u1eafn th\u00ec m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng, d\u00e0i th\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00f4ng qua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u00f3i chung, n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean 1 km2 l\u00e0 30 t\u1ea5n th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 50 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 100 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ee5i l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, song b\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i li ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. Ch\u00fang \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean vi\u00eam kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i g\u00e2y n\u00ean ph\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i silic, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i u. B\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u00e1nh n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, khi\u1ebfn cho trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00e2y m\u00f9. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ee5i bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 0,50 mg\/m3, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 0,15 mg\/m3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 5 \u2013 8\/12\/1952 \u1edf London n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 4,46 mg\/m3, t\u1ee9c cao g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ba th\u00e1ng sau c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ebft 8.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 \u1edf London ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do b\u1ee5i than l\u01a1 l\u1eedng g\u00e2y n\u00ean. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i m\u00f9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: B\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng; B\u1ee5i l\u1eafng; H\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p I v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p II. B\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p I l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ee5i c\u1ea5p II l\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9392\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}